diff --git a/src/lib/monitoring/performance-tracker.ts b/src/lib/monitoring/performance-tracker.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4eade4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/monitoring/performance-tracker.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/**
+ * Performance Tracker
+ *
+ * Records HTTP request metrics in a fixed-size ring buffer and computes
+ * percentile-based performance statistics over configurable time windows.
+ * Used by the monitoring dashboard to display response time distributions,
+ * error rates, and throughput.
+ */
+
+import type { PerformanceEntry, PerformanceMetrics } from './types.js'
+
+const PERIOD_MS: Record<string, number> = {
+  '1h': 3_600_000,
+  '6h': 21_600_000,
+  '24h': 86_400_000,
+  '7d': 604_800_000,
+}
+
+const EMPTY_METRICS: PerformanceMetrics = {
+  avgResponseTimeMs: 0,
+  p95ResponseTimeMs: 0,
+  p99ResponseTimeMs: 0,
+  errorRate: 0,
+  requestsPerMinute: 0,
+}
+
+export class PerformanceTracker {
+  private readonly buffer: PerformanceEntry[]
+  private pointer: number = 0
+  private count: number = 0
+  private readonly capacity: number
+
+  constructor(capacity: number = 10_000) {
+    this.capacity = capacity
+    this.buffer = new Array(capacity)
+  }
+
+  track(method: string, path: string, statusCode: number, durationMs: number): void {
+    this.buffer[this.pointer] = {
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      method,
+      path,
+      statusCode,
+      durationMs,
+    }
+    this.pointer = (this.pointer + 1) % this.capacity
+    if (this.count < this.capacity) {
+      this.count++
+    }
+  }
+
+  getMetrics(period: '1h' | '6h' | '24h' | '7d' = '1h'): PerformanceMetrics {
+    const cutoff = Date.now() - (PERIOD_MS[period] ?? PERIOD_MS['1h'])
+
+    const entries: PerformanceEntry[] = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.count; i++) {
+      const entry = this.buffer[i]
+      if (entry && entry.timestamp >= cutoff) {
+        entries.push(entry)
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (entries.length === 0) {
+      return { ...EMPTY_METRICS }
+    }
+
+    const durations = entries.map((e) => e.durationMs).sort((a, b) => a - b)
+
+    const avg = durations.reduce((sum, d) => sum + d, 0) / durations.length
+    const p95 = percentile(durations, 0.95)
+    const p99 = percentile(durations, 0.99)
+
+    const errorCount = entries.filter((e) => e.statusCode >= 500).length
+    const errorRate = errorCount / entries.length
+
+    const earliestTimestamp = Math.min(...entries.map((e) => e.timestamp))
+    const windowMinutes = Math.max((Date.now() - earliestTimestamp) / 60_000, 1)
+    const requestsPerMinute = entries.length / windowMinutes
+
+    return {
+      avgResponseTimeMs: Math.round(avg),
+      p95ResponseTimeMs: p95,
+      p99ResponseTimeMs: p99,
+      errorRate: Math.round(errorRate * 1000) / 1000,
+      requestsPerMinute: Math.round(requestsPerMinute * 10) / 10,
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function percentile(sorted: number[], p: number): number {
+  const index = Math.floor(sorted.length * p)
+  return sorted[Math.min(index, sorted.length - 1)]
+}
+
+/** Singleton instance used across the application. */
+export const performanceTracker = new PerformanceTracker(10_000)
diff --git a/tests/unit/monitoring/performance-tracker.unit.spec.ts b/tests/unit/monitoring/performance-tracker.unit.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e871ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/monitoring/performance-tracker.unit.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { PerformanceTracker } from '@/lib/monitoring/performance-tracker'
+
+describe('PerformanceTracker', () => {
+  it('tracks requests and computes metrics', () => {
+    const tracker = new PerformanceTracker(1000)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/api/posts', 200, 120)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/api/posts', 200, 250)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/api/posts', 500, 800)
+
+    const metrics = tracker.getMetrics('1h')
+    expect(metrics.avgResponseTimeMs).toBeCloseTo(390, -1)
+    expect(metrics.errorRate).toBeCloseTo(0.333, 2)
+    expect(metrics.requestsPerMinute).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    expect(metrics.p95ResponseTimeMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(metrics.avgResponseTimeMs)
+  })
+
+  it('ring buffer evicts old entries when capacity is exceeded', () => {
+    const tracker = new PerformanceTracker(2)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/a', 200, 100)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/b', 200, 200)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/c', 200, 300)
+
+    const metrics = tracker.getMetrics('1h')
+    // Only the last 2 entries should remain (200ms and 300ms)
+    expect(metrics.avgResponseTimeMs).toBeCloseTo(250, -1)
+  })
+
+  it('returns zeros when no entries exist', () => {
+    const tracker = new PerformanceTracker(100)
+    const metrics = tracker.getMetrics('1h')
+
+    expect(metrics.avgResponseTimeMs).toBe(0)
+    expect(metrics.p95ResponseTimeMs).toBe(0)
+    expect(metrics.p99ResponseTimeMs).toBe(0)
+    expect(metrics.errorRate).toBe(0)
+    expect(metrics.requestsPerMinute).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  it('computes p95 and p99 correctly', () => {
+    const tracker = new PerformanceTracker(200)
+    for (let i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      tracker.track('GET', '/test', 200, i)
+    }
+
+    const metrics = tracker.getMetrics('1h')
+    expect(metrics.p95ResponseTimeMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(95)
+    expect(metrics.p99ResponseTimeMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(99)
+    expect(metrics.avgResponseTimeMs).toBeCloseTo(50, -1)
+  })
+
+  it('only counts 5xx status codes as errors', () => {
+    const tracker = new PerformanceTracker(100)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/a', 200, 100)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/b', 404, 100)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/c', 500, 100)
+    tracker.track('GET', '/d', 503, 100)
+
+    const metrics = tracker.getMetrics('1h')
+    expect(metrics.errorRate).toBeCloseTo(0.5, 2)
+  })
+})